Osirix md 9.0 full download10/17/2023 2 Unfortunately, these systems are often expensive and not readily available to all institutions, especially those in low- to middle-income countries. 1 Neuronavigational systems, such as Stealth (Medtronic) and Curve (Brainlab), are useful adjuncts that enable accurate (mean error < 1.5 mm) surgical planning as well as real-time intraoperative orientation. As early as 1998, neurosurgeons developed the means of creating three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions based on imaging technologies to address this problem. ![]() Inexperience can result in inappropriate incisions, inadequate craniotomies, and difficult surgeries. ![]() ![]() P lanning how to conduct neurosurgery is a daunting task, especially for trainees and young neurosurgeons.
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